Religion’s Profound Effect on Musical Development Essay -- Music Relig

Religion’s Profound Effect on Musical Development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion has been an important part of man’s life. Man has allowed religion to control and influence his life in many different ways, affecting both his behavior and his actions. So its not surprising that music, one of man’s earliest expressive forms, has also been influenced by religion. Religion has had an effect on man’s music all throughout history, from the early Egyptians to even now. So it is only natural that Western music should also have been affected by religion. Western music, and its development by composers, has been strongly influenced by the Christian religion, especially in the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. The music in these periods laid the foundation for all the different types of music we enjoy today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Medieval period the Catholic Church had an enormous amount of power and control over the people of that time. The Medieval period began with the collapse of the Roman Empire around the year 450. Then with much of Europe in disarray, the Roman Catholic Church, the main unifying force at the time, unified many cultures together. â€Å"All segments of society felt the powerful influence of the Roman Catholic Church. In this age of faith, hell was very real and heresy was the gravest crime† (Kamien 63). The church controlled everything and it was of greatest importance in this period. â€Å"Very little non-Christian music from this period survived, due to its suppression by the Church and the absence of music notation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (History of Music). The enormous Gothic Cathedrals and churches demonstrate how powerful and important the church was. The amount of physical labor put into each one shows the devotion of the people to God and the church in the medieval time period. Life in these times revolved around the church so it makes sense that the music of this time also revolved around it. The composers of this era were often involved with the church. They were usually priests, monks, or nuns. For example Hildegard of Bingen, a nun from Germany, who, wrote many musical pieces and other forms of art.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"For over one thousand years the official music of the Roman Catholic church had been Gregorian Chant, which consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment† (Kamien 67). The credit for developing Gregorian chant music, also known as plain... ...l development whether we want to believe it or not. From the beginning it has influenced music in different ways. It has pushed composers to produce certain types of music, censored secular and other types of music that it objected to, and inevitably has had an everlasting effect on what type of music we listen to today. Works Cited "Baroque Music-Part Two." 12 July 2005 . Boynick, Matt. "Georg Friedric Handel." Classical Music Pages. 1 Feb. 1996. 13 July 2005 . "Catholic Reformation." Wikipedia. . Daum, Gary. "Chapter 12 The Baroque Era (1600-1750)." Georgetown Prep. 1994. Georgetown University. 12 July 2005 . "Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina." Wikipedia. . "Hildegard of Bingen." Wikipedia. . "History of Music." Algebra.com. 12 July 2005 . "Josquin Des Prez." Wikipedia. . Kamien, Roger. Music: An Appreciation. 5th ed. New York: Lyn Uhl. 63-149. "Medieval Music." Wikipedia. . "Music." The End of Europe_Middle Ages. 1998. University of Calgary. 14 July 2005 . "Oratorio." Nationmaster. 12 July 2005 . "Renaissance." Cunnan. 10 July 2005 . "Renaissance Period." Art for Ears. 10 July 2005 . "The Enlightenment (1600-1790)." SparkNotes. 17 July 2005 .

Death Penalty Outline

Understanding the Death Penalty General Purpose: My general purpose is to give the audience a better understanding of the death penalty. Specific Purpose: My purpose is to inform my audience about the different death penalty methods. Introduction: I. We all know Thomas Edison as being the creator of the light bulb, but what most don’t know is he executed animals using his knowledge of electricity. That’s where it all began. II. The death penalty is the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense.III. It is also known as Capital Punishment. The two words merely mean the same thing. Some look at â€Å"Death Penalty† as being the penalty received whereas others look at â€Å"Capital Punishment† as being the actual execution. IV. What makes capital cases different from other cases is more pre-trial time, more experts, more attorneys, and jurors have to be quizzed on their views of the death penalty. All crimes are not capital cases. Transition: To begin let’s start with the different methods of execution. Body: I. There are five methods of execution. . Lethal injection b. Electric chair c. Gas chamber d. Hanging e. Fire squad Transition: First let’s explore lethal injection. I. Lethal Injection is the primary source of execution used in the United States; The U. S. became the first country to use lethal injection. There are three different drugs used in lethal injection. A. Sodium Thiopental- A sedative drug that puts you in a coma-like, unconsciousness sleep. B. Pancuronium Bromide- Prohibits all muscular-skeletal movements and paralyzes the diaphragm to stop respiration. C.Potassium Chloride- Interferes with the electrical signals of the heart, causing cardiac arrest. According to U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts, along with Justices Anthony M. Kennedy and Samuel A. Alito, There are a total of 36 states now use lethal injection as their most prevale nt source of execution. 27 of the 36 require lethal injection to be the method of execution. There is a lethal injection machine, but rarely used because of the fear that it will not work on the first try. II. Transition: Another method is the Electric Chair.This is the method where a high voltage of electricity is sent through the body. A. Before the execution, the prisoner’s head and legs will be shaved where the electrodes are placed. The prisoner’s head, torso, arm, legs, hips, wrists and ankles are tightly fastened to the chair. (Robert O. Hippe, Judge of the Nebraska Court of Appeals) B. A plate is placed around the prisoner’s head and left calf creating a path through the body. C. Larger sponges which have been soaked in solution are placed under each electrode, next to the prisoner’s skin.Burning is expected in electrocutions, so a fire extinguisher is kept close by. III. Transition: A third method of execution is the gas chamber. A. During an exe cution, the prisoner is placed in an air-tight room where potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide is put into a pan of hydrochloric acid causing the prisoner to not be able to process hemoglobin, as stated in the article â€Å"First Execution by Lethal Gas† B. The prisoner then falls and chokes to death. C. Only 4 states in the U. S. allow gas chamber as a form of execution. D. Gas chamber is the most expensive method of execution.IV. Transition: The fourth method of execution is hanging. A. The inmate must be weighed the day before the execution. A sandbag weighing the same as the prisoner is then used a â€Å"test dummy† to determine the length of drop necessary for a quick death. B. If the rope is too long, the inmate could be decapitated. If the rope is too short, it will result in a slow death causing the tongue and eyes to protrude. C. Hanging was the most common source of execution in the U. S. up until the 1890’s. V. Transition: The final method of execution is the firing squad. A.Five shooters will aim at the prisoner, but only four will have live aim. One shooter has a dud that creates the same sound. B. They all shoot at an area the size the palm of your hand. (Kevin P. Robillard, Editorial Assistant at POLITICO) Conclusion: I. Transition: I have informed you about the death penalty and the five methods of execution. f. Lethal injection g. Electric chair h. Gas chamber i. Hanging j. Fire squad II. I hope that now you have a better understanding of the death penalty. WORKS CITED . â€Å"Capital Punishment. †Ã‚  ProCon. org. Encyclopedia Britannica , 25/04/2008.Web. 10 Sep 2012. . Richard, Dieter. ProCon. org. N. p. , 07/02/2007. Web. 10 Sep 2012. . . â€Å"Forms of execution in the United States,1977-2009. â€Å"ProCon. org. N. p. , 16/04/2008. Web. 10 Sep 2012. . . â€Å"Did you know?. †Ã‚  ProCon. org. N. p. , 08/05/2012. Web. 10 Sep 2012. .

Cyber Deterrence And Its Impact On Western Europe

What is Cyber Deterrence? Merriam-Webster defines deterrence as the act of making someone decide not to do something or the act of preventing a particular act or behavior from happening (Merriam-Webster, 2015) . This can be applied to the cyber realm in the sense that we need to deter terrorists, state actors and non-state actors from attempting attacks on U.S. networks. To understand how to apply cyber deterrence we have to look at past policies or theories on deterrence. Deterrence theory first appeared as part of the West’s containment strategy in Europe, which aspired to keep the Soviet Union confined to Eastern Europe and to prevent it from gaining control of Western Europe (Kugler, 2014). If the Soviets decided to invade Western Europe with the intentions to drive to the English Channel, the United States could launch a nuclear attack not only on Soviet troops but on the Soviet homeland as well. The strategy was aimed at deterring conventional attack on Western Europe by convincing the Soviet government that an invasion would not succeed and that the Soviet Union faced unacceptable risks: if it made such an attack, it would suffer losses that far exceeded any benefits that it might hope to gain (Kugler, 2014). Around the 1960s the deterrence strategy began to change. The Soviet Union began to develop nuclear tipped ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) that could reach U.S. soil in a timely manner. This could undermine the precarious logic of deterrence byShow MoreRelatedCENTCOMs Approach1921 Words   |  8 PagesCOLLEGE Newport, RI Theater Security Decision Making (TSDM) TSDM Week 19: Midterm Exam. By Chime Benjamin M LT, SC, USN A Midterm paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College The concepts/topics to be discussed include; Deterrence and diplomacy, Global Challenges, and Economic Tool of power. 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